This session will present the detailed anatomy of the PPF and the ITF. Video clips of the various planes of dissection of the ITF will be shown in particular the branches of the internal maxillary artery, the branches of the maxillary nerve, the sphenopalatine ganglion and the vidian nerve. Instructor's experience in diagnosis and management of a wide spectrum of pathology including angiofibromas (282 cases), schwannomas (9 cases) chronic fungal disease (36 cases), pterygoid abscess (2 cases) and other pathologies such as fibrous dysplasia, hemanagiopericytomas, lymphomas and some malignant tumors will be presented. Step by step surgical approach based on imaging studies will be emphasized especially in reference to juvenile angiofibromas. The Modified Denker's approach which was used in most cases will be discussed in detail showing video clips of the important steps. Both centripetal and centrifugal approach will be discussed, in particular the early management of the internal maxillary artery. Endoscopic management with high-definition video clips of the surgery demonstrating endoscopic medial maxillectomy, trans-pterygoid approach to the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus will also be shown. Instrumentation, use of intra-operative navigation system and the 'four handed approach' will be discussed. This session is relevant to the residents, practicing otolaryngologists and endoscopic sinus surgeons. Learning Objectives: 1.Review the surgical anatomy of the pterygopalatine (PPF) and the infratemporal fossa (ITF), in particular the planes of dissection relevant to the infratemporal fossa. | Discuss the spectrum of pathology presenting in this very complex region. 2. Examine the diagnosis and management of these pathologies. | Discuss the endoscopic approaches to the PPF and ITF. 3. Demonstrate how a wide access to the ITF may be achieved with safety. 4. Demonstrate these endoscopic approaches shown in the video clips. Faculty: Janakiram Narayanan (Nothing to disclose).