This session will serve as a truly comprehensive guide for otolaryngologists to diagnose, treat, and counsel SCUBA divers based on the highest quality evidence from around the world, considering evidence published from every language in which data is available. The first part of the session serves as a primer for those with limited background knowledge regarding diving terminology and underwater physiology. The second part of the session examines strategies patients can use to prevent injury in real time while diving, and will introduce practical algorithms for the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of diving injuries. Finally, we take a deeper dive into the evidence behind diving suitability guidelines including recommendations for complex post-surgical patients. There will be a special focus on the role of eustachian tube balloon dilation.