Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) places many patients at risk for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, motor vehicle accidents, and death. Many patients seek positive airway pressure (PAP) alternatives or surgical treatment options for OSA, commonly citing a desire to reduce risk from medical comorbidities as a motivator for treatment. Given this and the otolaryngologist’s expanding role in the care of the OSA patient, it is important to understand the relationship between these comorbidities and patient outcomes with medical and surgical treatment. In this session, panelists will discuss the impact of OSA and medical and surgical treatments on OSA severity, sleepiness, motor vehicle accidents, cardiovascular disease (including hypertension and cardiac disease), and mortality. Special focus will be applied to a review of the existing evidence for these topics and how to reconcile cohort versus randomized controlled trial results. Panelists will also discuss how they counsel patients regarding relevant health-related outcomes in OSA care, especially with regards to shared decision-making and treatment modality selection. We encourage audience members to share their experiences as well.