Patients who present with dyspnea, wheezing, cough, or other respiratory symptoms who are initially diagnosed as having asthma or COPD, may ultimately have complex laryngeal-tracheal disorders. This can be secondary to a number of conditions including but not limited to mechanical injury (e.g. post intubation, post tracheostomy) as well as connective tissue disease, and acute/chronic infections. These abnormalities are found in patients with varying comorbidities and many times present in the form of airway disorders impacting breathing, which vary in degree of etiology, severity, and chronicity. As such, collaboration within a multidisciplinary team of physicians with expertise in different techniques involving otolaryngologists, thoracic surgeons, and interventional pulmonologists ensures the most optimal workup and management for individual complex patients. We review different methods for management of tracheal diseases including medical management alone, endoscopic incisions and dilation, stenting, or open surgical resection.