Health disparities are defined as variation in rates of disease occurrence and outcomes between sociodemographic and/or geographically defined population groups. Significant disparities in care and treatment outcomes are documented across many areas of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. In addition to clinical risk factors, sociodemographic factors, such as race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, geography, and insurance status, exert a powerful influence on disease severity, access to care, and treatment outcomes. A prime example is the impact of race/ethnicity on head and neck cancer outcomes. Racial/ethnic minorities present with more advanced tumors; are less likely to receive timely and appropriate treatment; and have inferior survival outcomes than majority racial groups, even after adjusting for disease stage and medical morbidities. Disparities have also been observed in the pediatric population, especially in access to cochlear implantation and adenotonsillectomy. The drivers and potential solutions to these disparities are not well understood, due to the paucity of high-quality research in our specialty. The goals of this panel discussion are to stimulate interest in health disparities research and to educate future leaders in health disparities research. This panel will discuss key concepts in health disparities research, including: 1) social determinants of health in the context of otolaryngology, 2) tools for measurement of health outcomes, and 3) phases of disparities research. The speakers will also discuss health disparities research methods, including strategies for identifying data sources, study design, and statistical analysis. These concepts will be illustrated using high-quality studies from otolaryngology, as well as other specialties.