Indications for cochlear implantation in children have been evolving over time, including recent changes in FDA criteria. Beyond the bilaterally deaf child, evidence has rapidly accumulated supporting cochlear implantation in children with greater degrees of residual hearing who still struggle in educational and social settings. This program will review current indications for cochlear implantation in children and the evidence for expanded indications, including children under 12 months of age, those with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, children with poor speech understanding and excellent low-frequency hearing as well as late-identified children and those with anatomic malformations. Emerging data has demonstrated significant benefits of cochlear implantation in these populations with substantial benefits on both speech and language. This program will provide an updated, evidence-based discussion of the candidacy and outcomes of cochlear implantation in pediatric populations with greater degrees of residual hearing, either in the implanted ear or the opposite ear.