This session will focus on decision making related to cochlear implantation in children. Consideration of candidacy related to the period of auditory deprivation (age and duration of deafness), single versus bilateral implantation and timing of bilateral implants will be presented along with substantive data supporting recommendations. Candidacy and outcome for single sided deafness will be presented again with supporting data. Implantation technique and outcome after implantation in children with anomalous cochleovestibular anatomy and in those children with multiple handicaps will be reviewed. Technical aspects of implantation in children such as site of the receiver stimulator and the need for device fixation (or not) plus issues related to electrode selection in children will be reviewed. Surgical approach considerations specific to infants and small children will be presented with clear video and photographic material to allow the attendee to prepare for implantation in infants and children optimally. Optimal pre-operative assessment and imaging will be reviewed to allow the attendee to carefully plan for surgery and foresee potential areas of challenge. Special topics related to implantation of infants and children such as the impact of cytomegalovirus on decision making in implantation and the consideration of concomitant damage and stimulability of the vestibular system after cochlear implantation will be presented again with substantive data to support recommendations.